2015年ACCA考试《F5业绩管理》辅导知识三
2015年ACCA考试中的重点内容，为了帮助大家全面复习ACCA考试，我们考吧（kao8.cc）特为考生们整理了以下辅导知识，希望考生们能够喜欢。
1.2 ABC and cost drivers
ABC is an alternative approach to the traditional method of absorption costing outlined above.
The traditional method of overhead absorption effectively absorbs on a production volume basis and may be misleading for costs where the behaviour is not directly related to production volume.
For example, the cost of quality control may be driven more by the number of inspections made rather than the overall volume of units manufactured.
The ABC approach is to link overhead costs to the products or services that cause them by absorbing overhead costs on the basis of activities that ‘drive’ costs (costs drivers) rather than on the basis of production volume.
Overhead expenses incurred
Step 1: Overheads allocated or apportioned to cost pools using suitable bases
Cost pools (usually activities)
Step 2: Overheads absorbed into units of production using cost drivers
§ A cost pool is an activity that consumes resources and for which overhead costs are identified and allocated. For each cost pool, there should be a cost driver.
§ A cost driver is a unit of activity that consumes resources. An alternative definition of a cost driver is a factor influencing the level of cost.
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The concepts or assumptions underlying ABC are:
§ In the long run, all overhead costs are variable. Some overheads are variable in the short run. However, overhead costs do not necessarily vary with production volume or service level.
§ Activities consume resources.
§ The consumption of resources drives cost.
Products incur overhead costs because of the activities that go into providing the products or services, and these activities are not necessarily related to the volumes of the product that are manufactured. Direct labour hours and machine hours are not the drivers of cost in many modern business environments.
Understanding the relationship between overhead costs, activities and products (or services) is essential for managing overhead costs and product or service profitability.
Absorption of overheads into unit costs on a volume basis may be misleading, particularly in a modern manufacturing environment where overhead costs are influenced by the diversity and complexity of output rather than volume.