英语四六级语法辅导:虚拟语气
虚拟语气在考试中比较常见。尤其是在听力中经常出现。它主要是表达一种“假设”或者“推测”,而不是客观显示中的真实事件。因为主要通过动词的变化来反应不同的情况,所以如果不熟悉虚拟语气的基本表示方法,会直接影响听力。同时翻译中也经常使用。如果想得高分,要学好这个语法点,争取在翻译部分多拿点分:
【基本规则】
条件从句 | 主句 | |
与现在事实相反 | 动词过去式 | should/would+动词原形 |
与过去事实相反 | had+过去分词 | should/ would +have+过去分词 |
与将来事实可能相反 | 动词过去式/were to/should | should/ would +动词原形 |
与现在事实相反:
If I were you , I would apply for the job.
与过去事实相反:
If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such mistake.
与将来事实相反:
If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.
真题翻译示例:
例1:
They requested that _______(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.
1. 动词request引导的从句应用虚拟语气
2. 虚拟语气的表达方式:should+动词原形,此题则为:should return
3. 按句意顺序译,得出答案:I should return the book to library
例2:
The victim ________(本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.
1. 一看句意有“本来”,十之八九为虚拟语气
2. 二看时态推后了,本该过去时,却用过去完成时,因此一定考虚拟
3.按句意译为:would have a chance to survive
哪些动词及其与他们相关的名词,从句需虚拟语气?
一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)
四建议(advice. suggest. propose)
五要求(demand. require. request. ask. insist),另加一个wish
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