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部分倒装
部分倒装:部分谓语(助动词或情态动词) + 主语 + 其他。
1. 否定词
否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时,若置于句首,句子的主谓要部分倒装。如果谓语动词是单
个实义动词,倒装时需根据人称和时态加助动词 do。常用否定词有 never, no, neither, not only, hardly,
scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no
means, in vain, still less 等。如:
Not once did he talk to me. 他一次也没有和我谈过。
Hardly had he arrived when he started complaining. 他一到家,就抱怨起来。
Never did he speak about his own merits. 他从不讲自己的功绩。
2. 以 only 修饰状语开头
以 only 修饰状语(副词,介词短语,状语从句)开头的句子,句子的主谓要部分倒装。only then, only at
that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。
如:
Only in this way can we learn Russian. 只有这样才能学会俄语。
Only when we have obtained sufficient information can we make the decision.
只有当我们获得了充分的信息才能做出决定。
3. 以某些副词或短语开头
以下列副词或短语开头的句子,句子的主谓要部分倒装。此类副词或短语有 often, so, well, to such a
degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, many a time 等。如:
Many a time have I climbed that mountain.那座山我爬过很多次。
4. 比较从句的倒装。
as, than 引导的比较从句中,如果主语是名词短语且较长,经常采用倒装结构。这种结构主语一般为
名词,如果是代词则不倒装。如:
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels. 氢比其他燃料燃烧的更干净。
Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body. 阅读对于心灵之重要,犹如运动之于身体。
5. 倒装
用于前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物的肯定句或否定句中的倒装。
1) 肯定重复倒装用 so。如:
He is late, so is his deskmate. 他迟到了,他的同桌也迟到了。
2) 否定重复倒装用 nor, neither。如:
If you don’t agree to our plan, neither will they. 如果你不赞成我们的计划,他们也不会赞成。
6. “not only...but also”结构
“not only...but also”结构中,如果 not only 放在句首,则前半句倒装,but (also)句子后面不倒装。如:
Not only did my father praise me, but also he gave me some money.
父亲不但表扬了我,还给了我一些钱。
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